Okay, I think I finally solved the issue I was having…
Through process of elimination, I figured out that ganalytics was the culprit. Turns out it just needed to be recompiled (makes sense), though using lime rebuild ganalytics android like it said to do in its readme didn’t do the trick – I had to haxelib run hxcpp Build.xml -Dandroid -DHXCPP_ARMV7 instead.
I also updated JDK to the latest (8u92) and everything built fine (including release signing). The builds are also much faster! Used to take 2.5-3 mins to build/deploy changes to my phone, and now it only takes 45 seconds!! (The total build time JDK reports right before deploying went from 1.5-2 mins, down to just 15 seconds!)
Maybe it’s time to update the Android setup instructions to finally stop using 6u45 and instead switch to the latest as one other user has also reported that JDK 8 works fine for building/signing.